Events 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311. 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States. 1649 –… Read More

Events 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. 732 – Charles Martel’s forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark. 1492 – The… Read More

Events 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks. 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia. 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea. 1594 – Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture. 1708 –… Read More

Events 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II (“the Bald”). 1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska. 1480 –… Read More

Events 1403 – Venetian-Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: Spain defeats Venice. 1571 – The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat. 1691 – The charter for… Read More

Events 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic. 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia. AD 23 – Rebels decapitate Wang Mang two days after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion.… Read More

Events 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor. 1143 – With the signing of the Treaty of Zamora, King Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognises Portugal as a Kingdom. 1789 – French Revolution: The Women’s March on Versailles effectively terminates royal authority. 1813 – War of 1812: The… Read More