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What was the White Terror (1923)?

Introduction The September Uprising (Bulgarian: Септемврийско въстание, Septemvriysko vastanie) was a 1923 communist insurgency in Bulgaria. Outline The Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) attempted to overthrow Alexander Tsankov’s new government established following the coup d’état of 09 June. Also referred to as the White Terror (Bulgaria). This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article <… Read More

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What is Martial Law?

Introduction Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public, as seen… Read More

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What is a Military Dictatorship?

Introduction A military dictatorship (also known as a khakistocracy) is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the military. Refer to Military Government. Creation and Evolution Most military dictatorships are… Read More

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What was the Military Academy Incident (1934)?

Introduction The Military Academy incident (士官学校事件, Shikan Gakko Jiken), also known as the November incident (十一月事件, Juichigatsu Jiken) was an attempted coup d’état that took place in Japan in November 1934. It was one of a sequence of similar conspiracies for a “Shōwa Restoration” led by radical elements with the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). Refer… Read More

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What was the October Incident (1931)?

Introduction The October incident (十月事件, Jūgatsu Jiken), also known as the Imperial Colours incident (錦旗革命事件, Kinki Kakumei Jiken), was an abortive coup d’état attempt in Japan on 21 October 1931, launched by the Sakurakai secret society within the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), aided by civilian ultranationalist groups. Refer to March Incident (1931), October Incident (1931),… Read More

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What was the March Incident (1931)?

Introduction The March Incident (三月事件, Sangatsu Jiken) was an abortive coup d’état attempt in Japan, in March 1931, launched by the radical Sakurakai secret society within the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), aided by civilian ultranationalist groups. Refer to March Incident (1931), October Incident (1931), May 15 Incident (1932), Military Academy Incident (1934), February 26 Incident… Read More

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What was the February 26 Incident (1936)?

Introduction The February 26 Incident (二・二六事件, Ni Ni-Roku Jiken, also known as the 2-26 Incident) was an attempted coup d’état in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organised by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers with the goal of purging the government and military leadership of their factional… Read More