Events

• 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
• AD 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming of age clears the way for Nero to become Emperor.
• 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.
• 1794 – First session of United States Senate opens to the public.
• 1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.
• 1856 – The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state.
• 1873 – King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates, forming the First Spanish Republic.
• 1889 – Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted.
• 1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.
• 1929 – Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
• 1938 – BBC Television produces the world’s first ever science fiction television programme, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Čapek play R.U.R., that coined the term “robot”.
• 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Bukit Timah is fought in Singapore.
• 1953 – Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower denies all appeals for clemency for Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
• 1959 – The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South is created as a protectorate of the United Kingdom.
• 1971 – Cold War: the Seabed Arms Control Treaty opened for signature outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor in international waters.
• 1979 – The Iranian Revolution establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
• 2008 – Rebel East Timorese soldiers seriously wound President José Ramos-Horta. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado is killed in the attack.
• 2011 – Arab Spring: The first wave of the Egyptian revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 17 days of protests.
• 2014 – A military transport plane crashes in a mountainous area of Oum El Bouaghi Province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people.
• 2017 – North Korea test fires a ballistic missile across the Sea of Japan.
• Armed Forces Day (Liberia).

People (Births)

• 1805 – Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, Native American-French Canadian explorer (d. 1866).
  • Military scout during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).
• 1845 – Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Ottoman soldier and politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1936).
• 1915 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, English soldier, author, and scholar (d. 2011).
• 1920 – Daniel James, Jr., American general and pilot (d. 1978).
• 1921 – Lloyd Bentsen, American colonel and politician, United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 2006).
• 1921 – Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded Missoni (d. 2013).
• 1934 – Mel Carnahan, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, Governor of Missouri (d. 2000).
• 1934 – Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and politician, Military leader of Panama (d. 2017).
• 1940 – Mick Staton, American soldier and politician (d. 2014).
• 1982 – Ľubomíra Kalinová, Slovak biathlete.
• 1984 – Maarten Heisen, Dutch sprinter.
• 1984 – Marco Marcato, Italian cyclist.
• 1987 – Ellen van Dijk, Dutch cyclist.
• 1992 – Lasse Norman Hansen, Danish track and road cyclist.

People (Deaths)

• 1898 – Félix María Zuloaga, Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (1858 and 1860-1862) (b. 1813).
• 1918 – Alexey Kaledin, Russian general (b. 1861).
• 1931 – Charles Algernon Parsons, English-Irish engineer, invented the steam turbine (b. 1854).
• 1963 – John Olof Dahlgren, Swedish-American soldier, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1872).
• 1975 – Richard Ratsimandrava, Malagasy colonel and politician, President of Madagascar (b. 1931).
• 1994 – Sorrell Booke, American lieutenant, actor, and director (b. 1930).
• 2004 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner (b. 1925).
• 2012 – Aharon Davidi, Israeli general (b. 1927).