Introduction The Agreement among the People’s Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa (also known as the Tripartite Accord, Three Powers Accord or New York Accords) granted independence to Namibia from South Africa and ended the direct involvement of foreign troops in the Angolan Civil War. The accords were… Read More
Introduction The South African Border War, also known as the Namibian War of Independence, and sometimes denoted in South Africa as the Angolan Bush War, was a largely asymmetric conflict that occurred in Namibia (then South West Africa), Zambia, and Angola from 26 August 1966 to 21 March 1990. It was fought between the South… Read More
Introduction The Angolan Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People’s Movement for the… Read More
Introduction The Cuban intervention in Angola (codenamed Operation Carlota) began on 05 November 1975, when Cuba sent combat troops in support of the communist-aligned People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against the pro-western National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA). The intervention came after… Read More
Introduction Operation Savannah was the South African code name for their military incursion into Angola in 1975-1976. In Angola, these actions were known as the 1975-1976 South African Invasion and the Luanda Conquest Campaign. It was part of the South African Border War and arose due to the Angolan War of Independence. The operation also… Read More
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