What was the Control Faction?

Introduction The Tōseiha or Control Faction (統制派) was a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) active in the 1920s and 1930s. The Tōseiha was a grouping of moderate officers united primarily by their opposition to the radical Kōdōha (Imperial Way) faction and its aggressive imperialist and anti-modernisation ideals. The Tōseiha rivaled the Kōdōha… Read More

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What was the Imperial Way Faction?

Introduction The Kōdōha or Imperial Way Faction (皇道派) was a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) active in the 1920s and 1930s. The Kōdōha sought to establish a military government that promoted totalitarian, militaristic and aggressive expansionistic ideals, and was largely supported by junior officers. The radical Kōdōha rivalled the moderate Tōseiha (Control… Read More

What was the Lytton Report (1932)?

Introduction Lytton Report (リットン報告書, Ritton Hōkokusho) are the findings of the Lytton Commission, entrusted in 1931 by the League of Nations in an attempt to evaluate the Mukden Incident, which led to the Empire of Japan’s seizure of Manchuria. Refer to Mukden Incident (1931-1932). The five-member commission headed by British politician The Earl of Lytton… Read More

An Overview of the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria (1931-1932)

Introduction The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on 18 September 1931, when the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident. At war’s end in February of 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo. Their occupation lasted until the success of the Soviet Union and Mongolia with… Read More

What was the Mukden Incident (1931-1932)?

Introduction The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On 18 September 1931, Lieutenant Suemori Kawamoto of the Independent Garrison Unit of the 29th Japanese Infantry Regiment (独立守備隊) detonated a small quantity of dynamite close to a… Read More