Introduction In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals. VNSAs vary widely in their goals, size, and methods. They may include narcotics cartels,… Read More
Introduction ISO/PAS 28007:2012 was developed as an initiative by the maritime industry and based on a request by the International Maritime Organisation to provide guidelines for ISO 28000-certified companies deploying Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) on board ships. Outline It was specifically developed for organisations operating in the Piracy High Risk Area in the… Read More
Introduction The International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers (the Code) is a set of principles for private military and security providers, created through a multi-stakeholder initiative convened by the Swiss government. This process involved and continuously involves representatives from private security companies, states, and civil society organisations. The code reinforces and articulates… Read More
Introduction The Montreux Document is an agreement between signature countries obligations regarding private military and security companies in war zones. It was ratified in Montreux, Switzerland, in September 2008. The document lists some 70 recommendations for good state practices such as verifying companies track record, examining procedures used to vet staff, correct prosecution when breaches… Read More
Introduction The United Nations Mercenary Convention, officially the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, is a 2001 United Nations treaty that prohibits the recruitment, training, use, and financing of mercenaries. At the 72nd plenary meeting on 04 December 1989, the United Nations General Assembly concluded the convention as its resolution… Read More
Introduction The Military Commissions Act of 2006, also known as HR-6166, was an Act of Congress signed by President George W. Bush on 17 October 2006. The Act’s stated purpose was “to authorize trial by military commission for violations of the law of war, and for other purposes”. It was drafted following the decision on… Read More
Introduction A private military company (PMC), private military and security company (PMSC) or mercenary organisation is a private company providing armed combat or security services for financial gain. PMCs refer to their personnel as “security contractors” or “private military contractors”. Refer to Private Army and Private Defence Agency. The services and expertise offered by PMCs… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 