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What was the Jacobite Rising of 1745?

Introduction The Jacobite rising of 1745, also known as the Forty-five Rebellion or simply the ’45 (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna Theàrlaich, “The Year of Charles”), was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his father, James Francis Edward Stuart. It took place during the War of the Austrian Succession, when the… Read More

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What was the Battle of Culloden (1746)?

Introduction The Battle of Culloden (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Chùil Lodair) was the final confrontation of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart was decisively defeated by a British government force under William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, on Drummossie Moor near Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. It… Read More

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What was the Battle of White Mountain (1620)?

Introduction The Battle of White Mountain (Czech: Bitva na Bílé hoře; German: Schlacht am Weißen Berg) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). It was fought on 08 November 1620. An army of 15,000 Bohemians and mercenaries under Christian of Anhalt was defeated by 27,000 men of the… Read More

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What was the Treaty of Malmo (1524)?

Introduction The Treaty of Malmö (Swedish: Malmö recess), signed on 01 September 1524, ended the Swedish War of Liberation. The Treaty Denmark-Norway acknowledged the independent status of Sweden, which in turn renounced claims to Scania and Blekinge. The difficult question of the control of Gotland was deferred to later occasion, to be refereed by a… Read More

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What was the Conquest of Stockholm (1523)?

Introduction The Conquest of Stockholm (Swedish: Erövringen av Stockholm) was a battle in the Swedish War of Liberation that took place in Stockholm, Sweden on 17 June 1523. Background The Swedish forces had for a long time laid siege to Stockholm, which was the last Danish stronghold in Sweden. The city waited for reinforcement from… Read More

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What was the Conquest of Kalmar (1523)?

Introduction The Conquest of Kalmar (Swedish: Erövringen av Kalmar) took place on 27 May 1523, during the Swedish War of Liberation (1521-1523). Background In the beginning of 1523, Kalmar and Stockholm remained as the only real Danish strongholds in Sweden. The situation in Kalmar was tense, with many German Landsknechte mercenaries in Danish hire stationed… Read More

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What was the Conquest of Uppsala (1521)?

Introduction The Conquest of Uppsala (Swedish: Erövringen av Uppsala) was a part of the Swedish War of Liberation that took place on 19 May 1521. Background After defeating a Danish counter-attack outside Västerås, Vasa sent two of his military commanders, Jöns Olofsson and Lars Eriksson, to take control of the western province of Uppland. After… Read More