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What is an Isotonic Contraction?

Introduction In an isotonic contraction, tension remains the same, whilst the muscle’s length changes. Isotonic contractions differ from isokinetic contractions in that in isokinetic contractions the muscle speed remains constant. While superficially identical, as the muscle’s force changes via the length-tension relationship during a contraction, an isotonic contraction will keep force constant while velocity changes,… Read More

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What is Henneman’s Size Principle?

Introduction Henneman’s size principle describes relationships between properties of motor neurons and the muscle fibres they innervate and thus control, which together are called motor units. Motor neurons with large cell bodies tend to innervate fast-twitch, high-force, less fatigue-resistant muscle fibres, whereas motor neurons with small cell bodies tend to innervate slow-twitch, low-force, fatigue-resistant muscle… Read More

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An Overview of the Locomotor Effect of Shoes

Introduction Locomotor effects of shoes are the way in which the physical characteristics or components of shoes influence the locomotion neuromechanics of a person. Depending on the characteristics of the shoes, the effects are various, ranging from alteration in balance and posture, muscle activity of different muscles as measured by electromyography (EMG), and the impact… Read More

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What is Diuresis?

Introduction Diuresis is the excretion of urine, especially when excessive (polyuria). The term collectively denotes the physiologic processes underpinning increased urine production by the kidneys during maintenance of fluid balance. In healthy people, the drinking of extra water produces mild diuresis to maintain the body water balance. Many people with health issues, such as heart… Read More