Events

• AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius (refer to Year of the Four Emperors).
• 1360 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years’ War.
• 1590 – John White, the governor of the second Roanoke Colony, returns to England after an unsuccessful search for the “lost” colonists.
• 1596 – The second Spanish armada sets sail to strike against England, but is smashed by storms off Cape Finisterre forcing a retreat to port.
• 1641 – Felim O’Neill of Kinard, the leader of the Irish Rebellion, issues his Proclamation of Dungannon, justifying the uprising and declaring continued loyalty to King Charles I of England.
• 1648 – The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War.
• 1795 – Poland is completely consumed by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow.
• 1900 – The US Government announces plans to buy Danish West Indies for $7 million.
• 1911 – Orville Wright remains in the air nine minutes and 45 seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
• 1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kirk Kilisse concludes with a Bulgarian victory against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo concludes with the Serbian victory against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1917 – World War I: Italy suffers a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Caporetto on the Austro-Italian front.
• 1918 – World War I: Italian victory in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto.
• 1930 – A bloodless coup d’état in Brazil ends the First Republic, replacing it with the Vargas Era.
• 1944 – World War II: Japan’s centre force is temporarily repulsed in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• 1945 – The United Nations Charter comes into effect.
• 1946 – A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.
• 1949 – The cornerstone of the United Nations Headquarters is laid.
• 1954 – President Eisenhower pledges United States support to South Vietnam (refer to Vietnam War).
• 1956 – At the request of the Stalinist regime of Ernő Gerő, a massive Soviet force invades Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution.
  • Imre Nagy is reinstalled as Prime Minister.
• 1957 – The United States Air Force starts the X-20 Dyna-Soar manned space programme.
• 1960 – A ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad in the Soviet Union, killing over 100 people.
• 1964 – Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes Zambia.
• 1990 – Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti reveals to the Italian parliament the existence of Gladio, the Italian NATO force formed in 1956, intended to be activated in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion.
• 2016 – A French surveillance aircraft flying to Libya crashes on takeoff in Malta, killing all five people on board.
• Day of Special Forces of the Armed Forces (Russia).
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Zambia from United Kingdom in 1964.
• United Nations Day, the anniversary of the 1945 Charter of the United Nations (International).

People (Births)

• 1561 – Anthony Babington, English conspirator (Babington Plot) (d. 1586).
• 1675 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire (d. 1749).
• 1887 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist and pilot (d. 1917).
• 1891 – Rafael Trujillo, Dominican soldier and politician, 36th President of the Dominican Republic (d. 1961).
• 1898 – Peng Dehuai, Chinese general, 1st Minister of National Defence of the People’s Republic of China (d. 1974).
• 1909 – Bill Carr, American runner (d. 1966).
• 1910 – Gunter d’Alquen, German SS officer and journalist (d. 1998).
• 1910 – James K. Woolnough, American general (d. 1996).
• 1914 – Charles Craig Cannon, American colonel (d. 1992).
• 1914 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian Independence movement revolutionary and Officer of Indian National Army (d. 2012).
• 1925 – Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician co-founded the Khmer Rouge (d. 2013).
• 1937 – Petar Stipetić, Croatian general (d. 2018).
• 1973 – Levi Leipheimer, American cyclist.
• 1976 – Petar Stoychev, Bulgarian swimmer.
• 1988 – Christopher Linke, German race walker.
• 1990 – Elijah Greer, American middle-distance runner.

People (Deaths)

• 1572 – Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire (b. 1508).
• 1824 – Israel Bissell, American patriot post rider during American Revolutionary War (b. 1752).
• 1945 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier and politician, Minister President of Norway (b. 1887).
• 1960 – Yevgeny Ostashev, the test pilot of rocket, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Lenin prize winner, Candidate of Technical Sciences (b. 1924).
• 1991 – Gene Roddenberry, American captain, screenwriter, and producer, created Star Trek (b. 1921).
• 2002 – Winton M. Blount, American soldier and politician, 59th United States Postmaster General (b. 1921).
• 2014 – Mbulaeni Mulaudzi, South African runner (b. 1980).
• 2015 – Michael Beetham, English commander and pilot (b. 1923).