Events

• 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
• 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war.
• 1444 – Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll.
• 1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island.
• 1620 – The English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound.
• 1644 – Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
• 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.
• 1786 – Alexander Macdonell and over five hundred Roman Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
• 1807 – Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
• 1880 – France annexes Tahiti, renaming the independent Kingdom of Tahiti as “Etablissements de français de l’Océanie”.
• 1916 – British diplomat turned Irish nationalist Roger Casement is sentenced to death for his part in the Easter Rising.
• 1922 – France grants 1 km² at Vimy Ridge “freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes” (refer to World War I).
• 1927 – The Bird of Paradise, a US Army Air Corps Fokker tri-motor, completes the first transpacific flight, from the mainland United States to Hawaii.
• 1945 – The Soviet Union annexes the Czechoslovak province of Carpathian Ruthenia.
• 1950 – Korean War: US President Harry S. Truman authorises a sea blockade of Korea.
• 1975 – Steve Wozniak tests his first prototype of the Apple I computer.
• 1976 – The Seychelles become independent from the United Kingdom.
• 2002 – Naval clashes between South Korea and North Korea lead to the death of six South Korean sailors and sinking of a North Korean vessel.
• 2006 – Hamdan v. Rumsfeld: The US Supreme Court rules that President George W. Bush’s plan to try Guantanamo Bay detainees in military tribunals violates US and international law.
• 2007 – Apple Inc. releases its first mobile phone, the iPhone.
• 2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant self-declares its caliphate in Syria and northern Iraq.
• Veterans’ Day (Netherlands).

People (Births)

• 1443 – Anthony Browne, English knight (d. 1506).
• 1621 – Willem van der Zaan, Dutch Admiral (d. 1669).
• 1793 – Josef Ressel, Czech-Austrian inventor, invented the propeller (d. 1857).
• 1858 – George Washington Goethals, American general and engineer, co-designed the Panama Canal (d. 1928).
• 1866 – Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (d. 1939).
• 1880 – Ludwig Beck, German general (d. 1944).
• 1882 – Henry Hawtrey, English runner (d. 1961).
• 1882 – Franz Seldte, German captain and politician, Reich Minister for Labour (d. 1947).
• 1903 – Alan Blumlein, English engineer, developed the H2S radar (d. 1942).
• 1906 – Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Ukrainian general (d. 1945).
• 1906 – Heinz Harmel, German general (d. 2000).
• 1918 – Gene La Rocque, US admiral (d. 2016).
• 1918 – Francis W. Nye, US Air Force major general (d. 2019).
• 1919 – Walter Babington Thomas, Commander of British Far East Land Forces (d. 2017).
• 1922 – John William Vessey, Jr., American general (d. 2016).
• 1925 – Francis S. Currey, American World War II Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2019).
• 1926 – Julius W. Becton, Jr., US lieutenant general.
• 1955 – Charles J. Precourt, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut.
• 1958 – Rosa Mota, Portuguese runner.
• 1962 – George D. Zamka, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut.
• 1970 – Melanie Paschke, German sprinter.
• 1973 – George Hincapie, American cyclist.
• 1979 – Marleen Veldhuis, Dutch swimmer.
• 1983 – Jeremy Powers, American cyclist.

People (Deaths)

• 1575 – Baba Nobuharu, Japanese samurai (b. 1515).
• 1992 – Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian soldier and politician, President of Algeria (b. 1919).
• 2007 – Fred Saberhagen, American soldier and author (b. 1930).
• 2016 – Jan Hettema, Springbok cyclist and five times South African National Rally Champion (b. 1933).
• 2021 – Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defence (b. 1932).