Events

• 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
• 1099 – First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
• 1420 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patria del Friuli.
• 1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.
• 1776 – Richard Henry Lee presents the “Lee Resolution” to the Continental Congress.
  • The motion is seconded by John Adams and will lead to the United States Declaration of Independence.
  • Refer to American War of Independence.
• 1788 – French Revolution: Day of the Tiles: Civilians in Grenoble toss roof tiles and various objects down upon royal troops.
• 1863 – During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.
• 1866 – One thousand eight hundred Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after looting and plundering the Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg areas of Canada East.
• 1880 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, the assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), ends the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign).
• 1905 – Norway’s parliament dissolves its union with Sweden.
  • The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on 13 August of that year.
  • Union Dissolution Day (Independence Day of Norway).
• 1906 – Cunard Line’s RMS Lusitania is launched from the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland.
• 1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines: Allied soldiers detonate a series of mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge, killing 10,000 German troops.
• 1919 – Sette Giugno: Nationalist riots break out in Valletta, the capital of Malta. British soldiers fire into the crowd, killing four people.
• 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces.
  • Five hundred to nine hundred thousand civilians are killed.
• 1940 – World War II: King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London.
  • They return exactly five years later.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway ends in American victory.
• 1942 – World War II: Aleutian Islands Campaign: Imperial Japanese soldiers begin occupying the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska.
• 1944 – World War II: The steamer Danae, carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretan partisans, is sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini.
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy: At Ardenne Abbey, members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war.
• 1945 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns from exactly five years in exile during World War II.
• 1946 – The United Kingdom’s BBC returns to broadcasting its television service, which has been off air for seven years because of World War II.
• 1962 – The Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS) sets fire to the University of Algiers library building, destroying about 500,000 books.
• 1967 – Six-Day War: Israeli soldiers enter Jerusalem.
• 1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq’s Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera.
• 2000 – The United Nations defines the Blue Line as the border between Israel and Lebanon.
• 2017 – A Myanmar Air Force Shaanxi Y-8 crashes into the Andaman Sea near Dawei, Myanmar, killing all 122 aboard.
• Sette Giugno (Malta).
• Battle of Arica Day (Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile).

People (Births)

• 1561 – John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count and military theorist (d. 1623).
• 1877 – Roelof Klein, Dutch-American rower and engineer (d. 1960).
• 1888 – Clarence DeMar, American runner and educator (d. 1958).
• 1894 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Georgian-American pilot and engineer, co-designed the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (d. 1974).
• 1896 – Douglas Campbell, American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1990).
• 1896 – Imre Nagy, Hungarian soldier and politician, 44th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1958).

People (Deaths)

• 1358 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese shōgun (b. 1305).
• 1792 – Benjamin Tupper, American general and surveyor (b. 1738).
• 1854 – Charles Baudin, French admiral (b. 1792).