Events

• 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada.
  • The patrician Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
• 1428 – Peace of Ferrara between Republic of Venice, Duchy of Milan, Republic of Florence and House of Gonzaga: ending of the second campaign of the Wars in Lombardy fought until the Treaty of Lodi in 1454, which will then guarantee the conditions for the development of the Italian Renaissance.
• 1689 – Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros.
• 1775 – American Revolution: The British advancement by sea begins; Paul Revere and other riders warn the countryside of the troop movements.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico.
• 1864 – Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.
• 1897 – The Greco-Turkish War is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
• 1915 – World War I: French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.
• 1916 – World War I: White war on the Italian front: during a mine warfare in high altitude on the Dolomites, the Italian troops conquer the Col di Lana held by the Austrian army.
• 1917 – World War I: The II Italian Corps in France leaves from Italy for the western front: it will distinguish itself during the Third Battle of the Aisne and the Second Battle of the Marne, in Bligny and on the sector Courmas – Bois du Petit Champ, where it will considerably contribute to stop the German offensive on Eparnay, aimed to outflank Reims.
• 1930 – The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) announced that “there is no news” in their evening report.
• 1942 – World War II: The Doolittle Raid on Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya are bombed.
• 1942 – World War II: Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of Vichy France.
• 1943 – World War II: Operation Vengeance, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his aircraft is shot down by US fighters over Bougainville Island.
• 1945 – World War II: Over 1,000 bombers attack the small island of Heligoland, Germany.
• 1945 – World War II: Italian resistance movement: in Turin, despite the harsh repressive measures adopted by Nazi-fascists, a great pre-insurrectional strike begins.
• 1946 – The International Court of Justice holds its inaugural meeting in The Hague, Netherlands.
• 1949 – The Republic of Ireland Act comes into effect.
• 1954 – Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power in Egypt.
• 1980 – The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country’s first President. The Zimbabwean dollar replaces the Rhodesian dollar as the official currency.
• 1988 – The United States launches Operation Praying Mantis against Iranian naval forces in the largest naval battle since World War II.
• 2018 – King Mswati III of Swaziland announces that his country’s name will change to Eswatini.
• Victory over the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of the Ice (Russia; Julian Calendar).
• Army Day (Iran).

People (Births)

• 1898 – Patrick Hennessy, Irish soldier and businessman (d. 1981).
• 1929 – Peter Hordern, English soldier and politician.
• 1960 – Yelena Zhupiyeva-Vyazova, Ukrainian runner.
• 1973 – Haile Gebrselassie, Ethiopian runner.

People (Deaths)

• 727 – Agallianos Kontoskeles, Byzantine commander and rebel leader.
• 1567 – Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (b. 1503).
• 1742 – Arvid Horn, Swedish general and politician (b. 1664).
• 1859 – Tatya Tope, Indian general (b. 1814).
• 1943 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (b. 1884).
• 1951 – Óscar Carmona, Portuguese field marshal and politician, 11th President of Portugal (b. 1869).
• 1958 – Maurice Gamelin, Belgian-French general (b. 1872).
• 1986 – Marcel Dassault, French businessman, founded Dassault Aviation (b. 1892).