Events

• 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
• 1216 – First Barons’ War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom.
• 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong.
• 1285 – Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
• 1287 – Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
• 1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants’ Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
• 1404 – Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.
• 1645 – English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• 1667 – The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends. It had lasted for five days and resulted in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
• 1690 – King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.
• 1777 – The Second Continental Congress passes the Flag Act of 1777 adopting the Stars and Stripes as the Flag of the United States.
• 1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: HMS Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.
• 1800 – The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
• 1807 – Emperor Napoleon’s French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end.
• 1830 – Beginning of the French colonisation of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometres west at Sidi Fredj.
• 1846 – Bear Flag Revolt begins: Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
• 1863 – Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
• 1881 – The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.
• 1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
• 1900 – The second German Naval Law calls for the Imperial German Navy to be doubled in size, resulting in an Anglo-German naval arms race.
• 1940 – World War II: The German occupation of Paris begins.
• 1940 – The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence.
• 1940 – Seven hundred twenty-eight Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first inmates of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
• 1941 – June deportation: the first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, begins.
• 1944 – World War II: After several failed attempts, the British Army abandons Operation Perch, its plan to capture the German-occupied town of Caen.
• 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army liberate the captured in Ilocos Sur and start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon.
• 1959 – Dominican exiles depart from Cuba and land in the Dominican Republic to overthrow the totalitarian government of Rafael Trujillo.
  • All but four are killed or executed.
• 1982 – Falklands War: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley conditionally surrender to British forces.
• 2014 – A Ukraine military Ilyushin Il-76 airlifter is shot down, killing all 49 people on board.
• Liberation Day (Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).

People (Births)

• 1838 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese Field Marshal and politician, 3rd and 9th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1922)
• 1871 – Hermanus Brockmann, Dutch rower (d. 1936).
• 1879 – Arthur Duffey, American sprinter and coach (d. 1955).
• 1884 – Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (d. 1953).
• 1913 – Joe Morris, English-Canadian lieutenant and trade union leader (d. 1996).
• 1923 – Green Wix Unthank, American soldier, lawyer, and judge (d. 2013).
• 1928 – Ernesto “Che” Guevara, Argentinian-Cuban physician, author, guerrilla leader and politician (d. 1967).
• 1960 – Tonie Campbell, American hurdler.
• 1963 – Grant Kenny, Australian iron man and canoeist.
• 1972 – Danny McFarlane, Jamaican hurdler and sprinter.
• 1982 – Nicole Irving, Australian swimmer.
• 1984 – Yury Prilukov, Russian swimmer.

People (Deaths)

• 809 – Ōtomo no Otomaro, Japanese general (b. 731).
• 1583 – Shibata Katsuie, Japanese samurai (b. 1522).
• 1800 – Louis Desaix, French general (b. 1768).
• 1800 – Jean-Baptiste Kléber, French general (b. 1753).
• 1801 – Benedict Arnold, American general during the American Revolution later turned British spy (b. 1741).
• 1864 – Leonidas Polk, American general and bishop (b. 1806).
• 1907 – Bartolomé Masó, Cuban soldier and politician (b. 1830).
• 1908 – Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, English captain and politician, 6th Governor General of Canada (b. 1841).
• 1927 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (b. 1894).
• 1972 – Dündar Taşer, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1925).
• 2007 – Robin Olds, American general and pilot (b. 1922).
• 2009 – William McIntyre, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and judge (b. 1918).
• 2012 – Bob Chappuis, American football player and soldier (b. 1923).