Events 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia. 1594 – Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated in Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture. 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya. 1740 – Dutch colonists and Javanese natives begin a massacre… Read More

Events 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II (“the Bald”). 1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska. 1480 –… Read More

Events 1403 – Venetian-Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet. 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: Spain defeats Venice. 1571 – The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat. 1691 – The charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay… Read More

Events 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army. 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: Forces of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia. AD 23 – Rebels decapitate Wang Mang two days after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion. 618 – Transition from… Read More

Events 1143 – King Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognises Portugal as a Kingdom. 1607 – Assassins sent by the Pope attempt to kill Venetian statesman and scientist Paolo Sarpi. 1789 – French Revolution: The Women’s March on Versailles effectively terminates royal authority. 1813 – War of 1812: The Army of the Northwest defeats… Read More

Events AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang’an during a peasant rebellion. 1302 – The Byzantine-Venetian War comes to an end. 1363 – Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang’s rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang. 1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the… Read More

Events 52 BC – Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and battle of Alesia. 42 BC – Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight a decisive battle with Caesar’s assassins Brutus and Cassius. 382 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and… Read More