Events 1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later (refer to Norman Conquest of England). 1211 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: The Latin emperor Henry… Read More

Events 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland’s independence. 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, goes on trial for conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth I of… Read More

Events He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania. 1307 – Hundreds of the Knights Templar in France are arrested at dawn by King Philip the Fair, and later confess under torture to heresy. 1644… Read More

Events 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire (Julian calendar). 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd. 1398 – In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia… Read More

Events 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311. 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States. 1649 –… Read More

Events 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. 732 – Charles Martel’s forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark. 1492 – The… Read More

Events 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks. 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia. 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea. 1594 – Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture. 1708 –… Read More