Introduction The Line of Control (LoC) is a military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir – a line which does not constitute a legally recognised international boundary, but serves as the de facto border. It was established as part of the Simla Agreement at… Read More
Introduction Defence Day is celebrated in Pakistan as national day to commemorate the sacrifices made by Pakistani soldiers in defending its borders. The date of 06 September marks the day in 1965 when Indian troops crossed the international border to launch an attack on Pakistani Punjab, in a riposte to Pakistan’s Operation Grand Slam targeting… Read More
Introduction The Battle of Burki (Barki) was a battle fought by Indian infantry and Pakistani armour in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Barki is a village that lies south-east of Lahore near the border with Punjab, India, and is connected with Lahore by the Bridge of Ichogil canal. During the fighting, the relative strengths of… Read More
Introduction The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. Background The conflict began following Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar (see below), which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 