Events

• 1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice’s Day massacre.
• 1093 – Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are killed.
• 1642 – First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.
• 1715 – Jacobite rising in Scotland: Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under General Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal.
• 1841 – James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Bull’s Gap ends in a Union rout as Confederates under Major General John C. Breckinridge pursue them to Strawberry Plains, Tennessee.
• 1887 – Bloody Sunday clashes in central London (between demonstrators, the police and British Army).
• 1914 – Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
• 1916 – World War I: Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labour Party over his support for conscription.
• 1917 – World War I: beginning of the First Battle of Monte Grappa (in Italy known as the “First Battle of the Piave”).
  • The Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces, despite help from the German Alpenkorps and numerical superiority, will fail their offensive against the Italian Army now led by its new chief of staff Armando Diaz.
• 1918 – World War I: Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1941 – World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day.
• 1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal: US and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1947 – The Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles.
• 1950 – General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela, is assassinated in Caracas.
• 1966 – In response to Fatah raids against Israelis near the West Bank border, Israel launches an attack on the village of As-Samu.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: Anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C. stage a symbolic March Against Death.
• 1982 – The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
• 1991 – The Republic of Karelia, an autonomous republic of Russia, is formed from the former Karelian ASSR.
• 1995 – A truck-bomb explodes outside of a US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing five Americans and two Indians.
  • A group called the Islamic Movement for Change claims responsibility.
• 2001 – War on Terror: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.
• 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441.
• 2015 – Islamic State operatives carry out a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris, including suicide bombings, mass shootings and a hostage crisis.
  • The terrorists kill 130 people, making it the deadliest attack in France since the Second World War.

People (Births)

• 1761 – John Moore, Scottish general and politician (d. 1809).
• 1804 – Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (d. 1880).
• 1809 – John A. Dahlgren, American admiral (d. 1870).
• 1814 – Joseph Hooker, American general (d. 1879).
• 1841 – Edward Burd Grubb, Jr., American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Spain (d. 1913).
• 1879 – John Grieb, American gymnast and triathlete (d. 1939).
• 1883 – Leo Goodwin, American swimmer, diver, and water polo player (d. 1957).
• 1894 – Arthur Nebe, German SS officer (d. 1945).
• 1899 – Iskander Mirza, Pakistani general and politician, 1st President of Pakistan (d. 1969).
• 1900 – David Marshall Williams, American convicted murderer and firearms designer (d. 1975).
• 1910 – Pat Reid, Indian-English soldier and author (d. 1990).
• 1913 – Lon Nol, Cambodian general and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 1985).
• 1969 – Nico Motchebon, German runner.
• 1972 – Samantha Riley, Australian swimmer.
• 1975 – Tom Compernolle, Belgian runner (d. 2008).
• 1976 – Kelly Sotherton, English sprinter and long jumper.
• 1983 – Kalle Kriit, Estonian cyclist.
• 1987 – Dana Vollmer, American swimmer.

People (Deaths)

• 1002 – Pallig, Danish chieftain, Jarl of Devonshire.
• 1863 – Ignacio Comonfort, Mexican soldier and politician. President 1855-1858 (b. 1812).
• 1942 – Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral, posthumous Medal of Honour winner (b. 1890).
• 1954 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (b. 1881).
• 1961 – Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Jr., American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (b. 1897).
• 1969 – Iskander Mirza, Indian-Pakistani general and politician, 1st President of Pakistan (b. 1899).
• 1983 – Henry Jamison Handy, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1886).
• 1989 – Victor Davis, Canadian swimmer (b. 1964).
• 1989 – Rohana Wijeweera, Sri Lankan rebel and politician (b. 1943).