Events
- 1314 – King Haakon V of Norway moves the capital from Bergen to Oslo.
- 1795 – War of the First Coalition: The British capture Trincomalee (present-day Sri Lanka) from the Dutch in order to keep it out of French hands (refer to French Revolutionary Wars).
- 1798 – Irish Rebellion: Irish rebels, with French assistance, establish the short-lived Republic of Connacht.
- 1813 – Peninsular War: Spanish troops repel a French attack in the Battle of San Marcial (refer to Napoleonic Wars).
- 1864 – During the American Civil War Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta.
- 1907 – Russia and the United Kingdom sign the Anglo-Russian Convention, by which the UK recognizes Russian pre-eminence in northern Persia, while Russia recognizes British pre-eminence in southeastern Persia and Afghanistan.
- Both powers pledge not to interfere in Tibet.
- 1918 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, a successful assault by the Australian Corps during the Hundred Days Offensive.
- 1920 – Polish-Soviet War: A decisive Polish victory in the Battle of Komarów.
- 1935 – In an attempt to stay out of the growing tensions concerning Germany and Japan, the United States passes the first of its Neutrality Acts.
- 1939 – Nazi Germany mounts a false flag attack on the Gleiwitz radio station, creating an excuse to attack Poland the following day, thus starting World War II in Europe.
- 1941 – World War II: Serbian paramilitary forces defeat Germans in the Battle of Loznica.
- 1943 – USS Harmon, the first US Navy ship to be named after a black person, is commissioned.
- 1949 – The retreat of the Democratic Army of Greece into Albania after its defeat on Gramos mountain marks the end of the Greek Civil War.
- 1957 – The Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia) gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1962 – Trinidad and Tobago becomes independent.
- 1963 – Crown Colony of North Borneo (now Sabah) achieves self governance.
- 1986 – The Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov sinks in the Black Sea after colliding with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev, killing 423.
- 1991 – Kyrgyzstan declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
- 1993 – Russia completes removing its troops from Lithuania.
- 1994 – Russia completes removing its troops from Estonia.
- 1996 – Saddam Hussein’s troops seized Irbil after the Kurdish Masoud Barzani appealed for help to defeat his Kurdish rival PUK.
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Kyrgyzstan from the Soviet Union in 1991.
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Malaya from the United Kingdom in 1957.
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Trinidad and Tobago from the United Kingdom in 1962.
- North Borneo Self-government Day (Sabah, Borneo).
People (Births)
- 1721 – George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1775).
- 1802 – Husein Gradaščević, Ottoman general (d. 1834).
- 1878 – Frank Jarvis, American sprinter and lawyer (d. 1933).
- 1894 – Albert Facey, Australian soldier and author (d. 1982).
- 1896 – Brian Edmund Baker, English Air Marshal (d. 1979).
- 1902 – Géza Révész, Hungarian general and politician, Hungarian Minister of Defence (d. 1977).
- 1907 – Ramon Magsaysay, Filipino captain, engineer, and politician, 7th President of the Philippines (d. 1957).
- 1943 – Leonid Ivashov, Russian general.
- 1949 – Richard Gere, American actor and producer (well-known for his role in An Officer and a Gentleman, 1982).
- 1955 – Edwin Moses, American hurdler.
- 1978 – Ido Pariente, Israeli mixed martial artist and trainer.
- 1979 – Mark Johnston, Canadian swimmer.
- 1982 – Ian Crocker, American swimmer.
- 1982 – Lien Huyghebaert, Belgian sprinter.
- 1984 – Matti Breschel, Danish cyclist.
People (Deaths)
- 1372 – Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (b. 1301).
- 1811 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French admiral and explorer (b. 1729).
- 1814 – Arthur Phillip, English admiral and politician, 1st Governor of New South Wales (b. 1738).
- 1817 – Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet, English admiral and politician, 39th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1747).
- 1818 – Robert Calder, Scottish admiral (b. 1745).
- 1924 – Todor Aleksandrov, Bulgarian soldier (b. 1881).
- 1927 – Andranik, Armenian general (b. 1865).
- 1973 – John Ford, American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and US Navy Admiral (b. 1894).
- 1974 – William Pershing Benedict, American soldier and pilot (b. 1918).
- 1991 – Cliff Lumsdon, Canadian swimmer and coach (b. 1931).
- 2007 – Jean Jacques Paradis, Canadian general (b. 1928).
- 2010 – Laurent Fignon, French cyclist (b. 1960).
- 2012 – Joe Lewis, American martial artist and actor (b. 1944).
- 2012 – Sergey Sokolov, Russian commander and politician, 6th Minister of Defence for The Soviet Union (b. 1911).
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