Events

• 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
• 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac.
• 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
• 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
• 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded.
• 1791 – King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution (refer to French Revolutionary Wars).
• 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
• 1813 – Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria (refer to Napoleonic Wars).
• 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea.
• 1826 – Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas.
• 1848 – In the Wallachian Revolution, Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell issue the Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road begins.
• 1898 – The United States captures Guam from Spain.
  • The few warning shots fired by the US naval vessels are misinterpreted as salutes by the Spanish garrison, which was unaware that the two nations were at war.
• 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Empress Dowager Cixi.
• 1900 – In the Philippines, General Arthur McArthur issues an amnesty proclamation to those Filipinos who will renounce the insurgent movement and accept US sovereignty (refer to Philippine-American War).
• 1919 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg general strike.
• 1919 – Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney.
  • The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of World War I.
• 1921 – The Irish village of Knockcroghery was burned by British forces.
• 1929 – An agreement brokered by US Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the Cristero War in Mexico.
• 1930 – One-year conscription comes into force in France.
• 1940 – World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.
• 1942 – World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces; 33,000 Allied troops are taken prisoner.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland.
• 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa ends when the organised resistance of Imperial Japanese Army forces collapses in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island.
• 2009 – Greenland assumes self-rule.

People (Births)

• 1712 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (d. 1790).
• 1736 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780).
• 1764 – Sidney Smith, English admiral and politician (d. 1840).
• 1882 – Adrianus de Jong, Dutch fencer and soldier (d. 1966).
• 1884 – Claude Auchinleck, English field marshal (d. 1981).
• 1889 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (d. 1972).
• 1896 – Charles Momsen, American admiral, invented the Momsen lung (d. 1967).
• 1903 – Hermann Engelhard, German runner and coach (d. 1984).
• 1912 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2000).
• 1915 – Wilhelm Gliese, German soldier and astronomer (d. 1993).
• 1942 – Flaviano Vicentini, Italian cyclist (d. 2002).
• 1942 – Togo D. West, Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (d. 2018).
• 1951 – Mona-Lisa Pursiainen, Finnish sprinter (d. 2000).
• 1954 – Mark Kimmitt, American general and politician, 16th Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs.
• 1958 – Gennady Padalka, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut.
• 1965 – Yang Liwei, Chinese general, pilot, and astronaut.
• 1972 – Nobuharu Asahara, Japanese sprinter and long jumper.
• 1985 – Sentayehu Ejigu, Ethiopian runner.
• 1989 – Abubaker Kaki, Sudanese runner.

People (Deaths)

• 1421 – Jean Le Maingre, French general (b. 1366).
• 1558 – Piero Strozzi, Italian general (b. 1510).
• 1582 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1534).
• 1621 – Kryštof Harant, Czech soldier and composer (b. 1564).
• 1796 – Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (b. 1710).
• 1876 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician 8th President of Mexico (b. 1794).
• 1880 – Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (b. 1804).
• 1940 – Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1881).
• 1952 – Wop May, Canadian captain and pilot (b. 1896).
• 1957 – Claude Farrère, French captain and author (b. 1876).
• 2006 – Jared C. Monti, American sergeant, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1975).
• 2014 – Yozo Ishikawa, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Defence (b. 1925).
• 2015 – Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, German soldier and politician (b. 1932).