Events

• 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his bucellarii are almost cut off.
• 1444 – Skanderbeg organises a group of Albanian nobles to form the League of Lezhë.
• 1476 – Burgundian Wars: The Old Swiss Confederacy hands Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a major defeat in the Battle of Grandson in Canton of Neuchâtel.
• 1484 – The College of Arms is formally incorporated by Royal Charter signed by King Richard III of England.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama’s fleet visits the Island of Mozambique.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot militia units attempt to prevent capture of supply ships in and around the Savannah River by a small fleet of the Royal Navy in the Battle of the Rice Boats.
• 1811 – Argentine War of Independence: A royalist fleet defeats a small flotilla of revolutionary ships in the Battle of San Nicolás on the River Plate.
• 1815 – Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.
• 1836 – Texas Revolution: The Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is adopted.
• 1865 – East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.
• 1867 – The US Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act (refer to American Civil War).
• 1901 – The US Congress passes the Platt Amendment limiting the autonomy of Cuba, as a condition of the withdrawal of American troops.
• 1917 – The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
• 1919 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
• 1932 – Finnish president P. E. Svinhufvud gave a radio speech, which four days later finally ended the Mäntsälä Rebellion and the far-right Lapua Movement that started it.
• 1941 – World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact.
• 1943 – World War II: Allied aircraft defeat a Japanese attempt to ship troops to New Guinea.
• 1949 – Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas, after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
• 1962 – In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup d’état.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: The US and Republic of Vietnam Air Force begin Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam.
• 1970 – Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.
• 1983 – Compact discs and players are released for the first time in the United States and other markets.
  • They had previously been available only in Japan.
• 1991 – Battle at Rumaila oil field brings an end to the 1991 Gulf War.
• 1992 – Start of the war in Transnistria.
• 2002 – US invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on 19 March after killing 500 Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).
• 2004 – War in Iraq: Al-Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
• Air Force Day (Sri Lanka).
• Texas Independence Day.
• Victory at Adwa Day (Ethiopia).

People (Births)

• 1481 – Franz von Sickingen, German knight (d. 1523).
• 1740 – Nicholas Pocock, English naval painter (d.1821).
• 1770 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (d. 1826).
• 1793 – Sam Houston, American soldier and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863).
• 1829 – Carl Schurz, German-American general, lawyer, and politician, 13th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1906).
• 1849 – Robert Means Thompson, American commander, lawyer, and businessman (d. 1930).
• 1869 – Julien Félix, French military officer and aviator (d. 1914).
• 1923 – Robert H. Michel, American soldier and politician (d. 2017).
• 1927 – Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist and economist (d. 2017).
• 1937 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algerian soldier and politician, 5th President of Algeria (d. 2021).
• 1941 – David Satcher, American admiral and physician, 16th Surgeon General of the United States.
• 1957 – Hossein Dehghan, Iranian general and politician, Iranian Minister of Defence.
• 1974 – Hayley Lewis, Australian swimmer and television host.
• 1977 – Stephen Parry, English swimmer and sportscaster.

People (Deaths)

• 1829 – Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Mexican revolutionary (b. ca. 1773).
• 1864 – Ulric Dahlgren, American colonel (b. 1842).
• 1896 – Jubal Early, American general (b. 1816).
• 1946 – George E. Stewart, American colonel, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1872).
• 1953 – James Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882).
• 2007 – Thomas S. Kleppe, American soldier and politician, 41st United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1919).
• 2007 – Ivan Safronov, Russian colonel and journalist (b. 1956).
• 2012 – Van T. Barfoot, American colonel, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1919).
• 2015 – Dean Hess, American minister and colonel (b. 1917).
• 2018 – Lin Hu, Chinese lieutenant general (b. 1927).