Events

• 1556 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fought between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and forces of Muslim Emperor Akbar.
• 1605 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested.
• 1688 – William III of England lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham.
• 1757 – Seven Years’ War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.
• 1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
• 1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
• 1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.
• 1828 – Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
• 1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to hang. 38 are ultimately executed and the others reprieved.
• 1895 – George B. Selden is granted the first US patent for an automobile.
• 1898 – Negrese nationalists revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros.
• 1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on 29 September 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
• 1914 – World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
• 1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
• 1917 – Lenin calls for the October Revolution.
• 1925 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first “super-spy” of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
• 1940 – World War II: The British armed merchant cruiser, HMS Jervis Bay, is sunk by the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer.
• 1940 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first and only President of the United States to be elected to a third term.
• 1943 – World War II: Bombing of the Vatican.
• 1950 – Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon.
• 1955 – After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with a performance of Beethoven’s Fidelio.
• 1956 – Suez Crisis: British and French paratroopers land in Egypt after a week-long bombing campaign.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).
• 1986 – USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao (Tsing Tao) China – the first US Naval visit to China since 1949.
• 2006 – Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for their roles in the 1982 massacre of 148 Shi’a Muslims.
• 2009 – US Army Major Nidal Hasan murders 13 and wounds 32 at Fort Hood, Texas in the deadliest mass shooting at a US military installation.
• Guy Fawkes Night (United Kingdom, New Zealand and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada).
• Cinco de noviembre (Negros, Philippines).

People (Births)

• 1722 – William Byron, 5th Baron Byron, English lieutenant and politician (d. 1798).
• 1818 – Benjamin Butler, American general, lawyer, and politician, 33rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1893).
• 1846 – Duncan Gordon Boyes, English soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 1869).
• 1879 – Otto Wahle, Austrian-American swimmer and coach (d. 1963).
• 1886 – Sadae Inoue, Japanese general (d. 1961).
• 1892 – John Alcock, captain in the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force (d. 1919).
• 1917 – James Lawton Collins Jr., American brigadier general (d. 2002).
• 1920 – Tommy Godwin, American-English cyclist and coach (d. 2012).
• 1923 – Rudolf Augstein, German soldier and journalist, co-founded Der Spiegel (d. 2002).
• 1940 – Ted Kulongoski, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 36th Governor of Oregon.
• 1945 – Peter Pace, American general.
• 1961 – Alan G. Poindexter, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2012).
• 1977 – Maarten Tjallingii, Dutch cyclist.
• 1978 – Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist (d. 2011).
• 1984 – Eliud Kipchoge, Kenyan long-distance runner.
• 1985 – Pınar Saka, Turkish sprinter.

People (Deaths)

• 1459 – John Fastolf, English soldier.
• 1701 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-English colonel and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire (b. 1659).
• 1928 – Vlasios Tsirogiannis, Greek general (b. 1872).
• 1951 – Reggie Walker, South African runner (b. 1889).
• 1991 – Robert Maxwell, Czech-English captain, publisher, and politician (b. 1923).
• 2013 – Tony Iveson, English soldier and pilot (b. 1919).
• 2015 – Czesław Kiszczak, Polish general and politician, 11th Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Poland (b. 1925).