Events
- 680 – The Battle of Karbala is won by the Umayyads under Yazid I.
- 732 – Charles Martel’s forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France.
- 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark.
- 1492 – The crew of Santa Maria, desperate and fearful, acted against their captain, and Columbus’s long journey of hope and adventure was nearly swamped by mutiny.
- 1575 – Roman Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.
- 1580 – Over 600 Papal troops land in Ireland to support the Second Desmond Rebellion.
- 1631 – Thirty Years’ War: An army of the Electorate of Saxony seizes Prague.
- 1760 – In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname – descended from escaped slaves – gain territorial autonomy.
- 1814 – War of 1812: The United States Revenue Marine attempts to defend the cutter Eagle from the Royal Navy.
- 1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 students.
- 1868 – The Ten Years’ War begins against Spanish rule in Cuba.
- Independence Day, commemorates the proclamation of Cuba’s independence from Spain and the beginning of the Ten Years’ War in 1868.
- 1911 – The day after a bomb explodes prematurely, the Wuchang Uprising begins against the Chinese monarchy.
- Double Ten Day (The National Day of Republic of China), celebrates outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising in 1911 that led to founding of the Republic of China in 1912.
- 1913 – US President Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, completing major construction on the Panama Canal.
- 1918 – RMS Leinster is torpedoed and sunk by UB-123, killing 564, the worst-ever on the Irish Sea.
- 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the Republic of China.
- 1935 – In Greece, a coup d’état ends the Second Hellenic Republic.
- 1938 – Abiding by the Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia completes its withdrawal from the Sudetenland.
- 1945 – The Double Tenth Agreement is signed by the Communist Party and the Kuomintang about the future of China.
- 1963 – France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to Tunisia.
- 1963 – The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty comes into effect.
- 1967 – The Outer Space Treaty comes into force.
- 1970 – Fiji becomes independent.
- Fiji Day, celebrates the independence of Fiji from United Kingdom in 1970.
- 1980 – The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front is founded in El Salvador.
- 1985 – US Navy aircraft intercept an Egyptian airliner carrying the perpetrators of the Achille Lauro hijacking, and force it to land in Italy.
- 1998 – A Lignes Aériennes Congolaises jetliner is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 41 people.
- 2010 – The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved as a country.
- Army Day (Sri Lanka).
People (Births)
- 1678 – John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish general and politician, Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland (d. 1743).
- 1825 – Paul Kruger, South African soldier and politician, 5th President of the South African Republic (d. 1904).
- 1837 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (d. 1863).
- 1895 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (d. 1945).
- 1920 – Gail Halvorsen, American air force pilot known as the “Berlin Candy Bomber.”
- 1935 – Khalil al-Wazir, Palestinian commander, founded Fatah (d. 1988).
- 1951 – Epeli Ganilau, Fijian general and politician, 16th Minister for Fijian Affairs.
- 1961 – Henrik Jørgensen, Danish runner (d. 2019).
- 1963 – Jolanda de Rover, Dutch swimmer.
- 1968 – Bart Brentjens, Dutch cyclist.
- 1970 – Matthew Pinsent, English rower and sportscaster.
- 1985 – Dominique Cornu, Belgian cyclist.
- 1991 – Mariana Pajón, Colombian cyclist.
People (Deaths)
- AD 19 – Germanicus, Roman general (b. 15 BC).
- 1759 – Granville Elliott, English general (b. 1713).
- 1800 – Gabriel Prosser, American rebel leader (b. 1776).
- 1913 – Katsura Tarō, Japanese general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1848).
- 1942 – Arnold Majewski, Finnish military hero of Polish descent (killed in action) (b. 1892).
- 1949 – Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese engineer, businessman, and politician, founded Nakajima Aircraft Company (b. 1884).
- 1953 – Erima Harvey Northcroft, New Zealand general, lawyer, and judge (b. 1884).
- 1966 – Louise Thuliez, French school teacher, resistance fighter during World War I and World War II and author (b. 1881).
- 1970 – Édouard Daladier, French captain and politician, 105th Prime Minister of France (b. 1884).
- 1978 – Ralph Metcalfe, American sprinter and politician (b. 1910).
- 1998 – Clark Clifford, American captain, lawyer, and politician 9th United States Secretary of Defence (b. 1906).
- 2012 – Basil L. Plumley, American sergeant (b. 1920).
- 2012 – Kyaw Zaw, Burmese commander and politician (b. 1919).
- 2013 – Scott Carpenter, American commander, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1925).
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