Events

• AD 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna.
• AD 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are extinguished.
• 881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied.
• 908 – Battle of Eisenach: An invading Hungarian force defeats an East Frankish army under Duke Burchard of Thuringia.
• 1342 – The Siege of Algeciras commences during the Spanish Reconquista.
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.
• 1601 – Long War: Austria captures Transylvania in the Battle of Goroszló.
• 1645 – Thirty Years’ War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1795 – Treaty of Greenville is signed, ending the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country.
• 1829 – The Treaty of Lewistown is signed by the Shawnee and Seneca peoples, exchanging land in Ohio for land west of the Mississippi River.
• 1903 – Macedonian rebels in Kruševo proclaim the Kruševo Republic, which exists for only ten days before Ottoman Turks lay waste to the town.
• 1914 – World War I: Germany declares war against France, while Romania declares its neutrality.
• 1940 – World War II: Italian forces begin the invasion of British Somaliland.
• 1946 – Santa Claus Land, the world’s first themed amusement park, opens in Santa Claus, Indiana, United States.
• 1958 – The world’s first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, becomes the first vessel to complete a submerged transit of the geographical North Pole.
• 1960 – Niger gains independence from France.
• 1972 – The United States Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
• 1977 – Tandy Corporation announces the TRS-80, one of the world’s first mass-produced personal computers.
• 2005 – President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould Sid’Ahmed Taya is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.
• 2014 – The genocide of Yazidis by ISIL begins.
• Armed Forces Day (Equatorial Guinea).
• National Guard Day (Venezuela).

People (Births)

• 1622 – Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, German field marshal (d. 1698).
• 1823 – Thomas Francis Meagher, Irish-American revolutionary and military leader, territorial governor of Montana (d. 1867).
• 1850 – Reginald Heber Roe, English-Australian swimmer, tennis player, and academic (d. 1926).
• 1900 – Ernie Pyle, American soldier and journalist (d. 1945).
• 1907 – Ernesto Geisel, Brazilian general and politician, 29th President of Brazil (d. 1996).
• 1922 – John Eisenhower, American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (d. 2013).
• 1924 – Leon Uris, American soldier and author (d. 2003).
• 1934 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan general, founded UNITA (d. 2002).
• 1935 – Georgy Shonin, Ukrainian-Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1997).
• 1939 – Apoorva Sengupta, Indian general and cricketer (d. 2013).
• 1961 – Nick Harvey, English politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces.
• 1986 – Darya Domracheva, Belarusian biathlete.
• 1992 – Gamze Bulut, Turkish runner.
• 1992 – Gesa Felicitas Krause, German runner.
• 1993 – Ola Abidogun, English sprinter.

People (Deaths)

• 1530 – Francesco Ferruccio, Italian captain (b. 1489).
• 1604 – Bernardino de Mendoza, Spanish commander and diplomat (b. 1540).
• 1797 – Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, English field marshal and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1717).
• 1929 – Emile Berliner, German-American inventor and businessman, invented the phonograph (b. 1851).
• 1943 – Frumka Płotnicka, Polish resistance fighter during World War II (b. 1914).
• 1968 – Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (b. 1896).
• 1973 – Richard Marshall, American general (b. 1895).
• 1995 – Edward Whittemore, American soldier and author (b. 1933).
• 1996 – Jørgen Garde, Danish admiral (b. 1939).
• 2009 – Nikolaos Makarezos, Greek soldier and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919).