Events

• 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
• 1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
• 1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
• 1559 – King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
• 1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• 1758 – Seven Years’ War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.
• 1794 – Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
• 1905 – Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
• 1916 – World War I: In “the day Sussex died”, elements of the Royal Sussex Regiment take heavy casualties in the Battle of the Boar’s Head at Richebourg-l’Avoué in France.
• 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler’s violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy’s invasion of his country.
• 1937 – The world’s first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
• 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighbourhood.
• 1960 – Belgian Congo gains independence as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).
  • Independence Day.
• 1977 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation disbands.
• 1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.
• 2013 – Protests begin around Egypt against President Mohamed Morsi and the ruling Freedom and Justice Party, leading to their overthrow during the 2013 Egyptian coup d’état.
• Armed Forces Day (Guatemala).
• Navy Day (Israel).

People (Births)

• 1641 – Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, German-English general (d. 1719).
• 1893 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (d. 1973).
• 1907 – Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian general and politician (d. 1950).
• 1914 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (d. 2001).
• 1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor of the modern hot air balloon (d. 2007).
• 1924 – Max Trepp, Swiss sprinter.
• 1935 – John Harlin, American pilot and mountaineer (d. 1966).
• 1938 – Billy Mills, American sprinter.
• 1942 – Robert Ballard, American lieutenant and oceanographer.
• 1963 – Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian sprinter.
• 1969 – Uta Rohländer, German sprinter.
• 1972 – Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer.
• 1978 – Patrick Ivuti, Kenyan runner.
• 1979 – Sylvain Chavanel, French cyclist.
• 1983 – Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist.
• 1985 – Michael Phelps, American swimmer.
• 1987 – Andrew Hedgman, New Zealand runner.
• 1989 – Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner.

People (Deaths)

• 1785 – James Oglethorpe, English general and politician, 1st Colonial Governor of Georgia (b. 1696).
• 1934 – Karl Ernst, German soldier (b. 1904).
• 1934 – Erich Klausener, German soldier and politician (b. 1885).
• 1934 – Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1892).
• 1934 – Kurt von Schleicher, German general and politician, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882).
• 1995 – Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian general and astronaut (b. 1921).
• 2015 – Charles W. Bagnal, American general (b. 1934).