Events

• 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
• 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
• 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle.
• 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina.
• 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign.
• 1869 – The Republic of Ezo on the island of Hokkaido ends after being defeated by Japanese Imperial troops.
• 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin.
• 1908 – A group of Vietnamese tirailleurs conducts a failed attempt to poison the entire French army’s garrison in the Hanoi Citadel with the aim to make way for Hoàng Hoa Thám’s rebel army to capture Hanoi.
• 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park.
• 1923 – Captain Lowell H. Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refuelling in a DH.4B biplane.
• 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan’s strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference.
• 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews.
• 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa.
• 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War.
• 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship.
• 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti.
  • Independence Day.
• 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War.
• 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre.

People (Births)

• 1430 – Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, Lancastrian leader (d. 1475).
• 1696 – William Pepperrell, American merchant and soldier (d. 1759).
• 1838 – Paul Mauser, German weapon designer, designed the Gewehr 98 (d. 1914).
• 1865 – John Monash, Australian engineer and general (d. 1931).
• 1911 – Marion M. Magruder, American Marine officer, commander of the VMF(N)-533 squadron. (d. 1997).
• 1918 – Adolph Kiefer, American swimmer (d. 2017).
• 1938 – David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead, Scottish lieutenant and judge.
• 1944 – Patrick Sercu, Belgian cyclist (d. 2019).
• 1954 – Richard Ibbotson, English admiral.
• 1957 – Gabriella Dorio, Italian runner.
• 1967 – Sylvie Fréchette, Canadian swimmer and coach.
• 1975 – Sarah Evanetz, Canadian swimmer.
• 1986 – LaShawn Merritt, American sprinter.
• 1988 – Kate Ziegler, American swimmer.
• 1993 – Johanna Talihärm, Estonian biathlete.

People (Deaths)

• 1497 – Michael An Gof, rebel leader.
• 1497 – Thomas Flamank, rebel leader.
• 1794 – Philippe de Noailles, French general (b. 1715).
• 1896 – John Berryman, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1825).
• 1917 – Karl Allmenröder, German soldier and pilot (b. 1896).
• 1957 – Hermann Buhl, Austrian soldier and mountaineer (b. 1924).
• 1970 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler and scholar (b. 1902).
• 1970 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler and scholar (b. 1902).
• 2002 – Robert L. J. Long, American admiral (b. 1920).
• 2004 – George Patton IV, American general (b. 1923).
• 2005 – Ray Holmes, English lieutenant and pilot (b. 1914).
• 2008 – Sam Manekshaw, Indian field marshal (b. 1914).
• 2012 – Stan Cox, English runner (b. 1918).
• 2014 – Violet Milstead, Canadian World War II aviator and bush pilot (b. 1919).