Events

• 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
• 1280 – The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile.
• 1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
• 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.
• 1565 – Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.
• 1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
• 1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.
• 1757 – Battle of Plassey: Three thousand British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000-strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah at Plassey.
• 1758 – Seven Years’ War: Battle of Krefeld: British, Hanoverian, and Prussian forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
• 1760 – Seven Years’ War: Battle of Landeshut: Austria defeats Prussia.
• 1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).
• 1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
• 1865 – American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant Confederate army.
• 1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the “Type-Writer”.
• 1913 – Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran.
• 1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.
• 1919 – Estonian War of Independence: The decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cēsis; this date is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.
• 1940 – World War II: Adolf Hitler goes on a three-hour tour of the architecture of Paris with architect Albert Speer and sculptor Arno Breker in his only visit to the city.
• 1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.
• 1942 – World War II: Germany’s latest fighter aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.
• 1961 – The Antarctic Treaty System, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and limits military activity on the continent, its islands and ice shelves, comes into force.
• 1967 – Cold War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
• 1969 – IBM announces that effective January 1970 it will price its software and services separately from hardware thus creating the modern software industry.
• 2012 – Ashton Eaton breaks the decathlon world record at the United States Olympic Trials.
• 2014 – The last of Syria’s declared chemical weapons are shipped out for destruction.
• Okinawa Memorial Day (Okinawa Prefecture).
• National Day of Remembrance for Victims of Terrorism (Canada).
• Victory Day (Estonia).

People (Births)

• 1534 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582).
• 1596 – Johan Banér, Swedish field marshal (d. 1641).
• 1877 – Norman Pritchard, Indian-English hurdler and actor (d. 1929).
• 1894 – Harold Barrowclough, New Zealand military leader, lawyer and Chief Justice (d. 1972).
• 1910 – Bill King, English commander and author (d. 2012).
• 1913 – William P. Rogers, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State (d. 2001).
• 1916 – Len Hutton, English cricketer and soldier (d. 1990).
• 1922 – Morris R. Jeppson, American lieutenant and physicist (d. 2010).
• 1929 – Mario Ghella, Italian racing cyclist.
• 1930 – Donn F. Eisele, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1987).
• 1937 – Martti Ahtisaari, Finnish captain and politician, 10th President of Finland, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1940 – Wilma Rudolph, American runner (d. 1994).
• 1945 – John Garang, Sudanese colonel and politician, President of Southern Sudan (d. 2005).
• 1984 – Takeshi Matsuda, Japanese swimmer.
• 1987 – Alessia Filippi, Italian swimmer.

People (Deaths)

• 1314 – Henry de Bohun, English knight.
• 1537 – Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish conquistador (b. 1487).
• 1565 – Dragut, Ottoman admiral (b. 1485).
• 1582 – Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese commander (b. 1537).
• 1615 – Mashita Nagamori, Japanese daimyō (b. 1545).
• 1779 – Mikael Sehul, Ethiopian warlord (b. 1691).
• 1954 – Salih Omurtak, Turkish general (b. 1889).
• 1969 – Volmari Iso-Hollo, Finnish runner (b. 1907).
• 1970 – Roscoe Turner, American soldier and pilot (b. 1895).
• 2012 – Frank Chee Willeto, American soldier and politician, 4th Vice President of the Navajo Nation (b. 1925).
• 2013 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1933).
• 2013 – Sharon Stouder, American swimmer (b. 1948).