Events

• 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno.
• 1288 – The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant, being one of the more important victors.
• 1644 – The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
• 1798 – The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
• 1829 – HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.
• 1832 – The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.
• 1837 – Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
• 1849 – Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.
• 1862 – As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Trương Định decides to defy Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Piedmont: Union forces under General David Hunter defeat a Confederate army at Piedmont, Virginia, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.
• 1883 – The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
• 1916 – World War I: The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire breaks out.
• 1917 – World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as “Army registration day”.
• 1940 – World War II: After a brief lull in the Battle of France, the Germans renew the offensive against the remaining French divisions south of the River Somme in Operation Fall Rot (“Case Red”).
• 1941 – World War II: Four thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.
• 1942 – World War II: The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.
• 1944 – World War II: More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
• 1945 – The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
• 1947 – Cold War: Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, the United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.
• 1963 – The British Secretary of State for War, John Profumo, resigns in a sex scandal known as the “Profumo affair”.
• 1963 – Movement of 15 Khordad: Protests against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
  • In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.
• 1964 – DSV Alvin is commissioned.
• 1967 – The Six-Day War begins: Israel launches surprise strikes against Egyptian air-fields in response to the mobilisation of Egyptian forces on the Israeli border.
• 1975 – The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.
• 1984 – Operation Blue Star: Under orders from India’s prime minister, Indira Gandhi, the Indian Army begins an invasion of the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.
• 1989 – The Tank Man halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
• 1997 – The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War begins.
• 2000 – The Six-Day War in Kisangani begins in Kisangani, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between Ugandan and Rwandan forces.
  • A large part of the city is destroyed.
• 2006 – Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
• 2017 – Montenegro becomes the 29th member of the NATO.

People (Births)

• 1587 – Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, English colonial administrator and admiral (d. 1658).
• 1830 – Carmine Crocco, Italian soldier (d. 1905).
• 1868 – James Connolly, Scottish-born Irish rebel leader (d. 1916).
• 1870 – Bernard de Pourtalès, Swiss captain and sailor (d. 1935).
• 1877 – Willard Miller, Canadian-American sailor, Medal of Honour recipient (d. 1959).
• 1878 – Pancho Villa, Mexican general and politician, Governor of Chihuahua (d. 1923).
• 1884 – Frederick Lorz, American runner (d. 1914).
• 1895 – William Roberts, English soldier and painter (d. 1980).
• 1922 – Paul Couvret, Dutch-Australian soldier, pilot, and politician (d. 2013).
• 1938 – Karin Balzer, German hurdler (d. 2019).
• 1945 – John Carlos, American runner and football player.
• 1958 – Avigdor Lieberman, Moldavian-Israeli soldier and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Israel.
• 1959 – Werner Schildhauer, German runner.
• 1967 – Joe DeLoach, American sprinter.
• 1975 – Sandra Stals, Belgian runner.
• 1992 – Emily Seebohm, Australian swimmer.

People (Deaths)

• 1791 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-Canadian general and politician, 22nd Governor of Quebec (b. 1718).
• 1825 – Odysseas Androutsos, Greek soldier (b. 1788).
• 1899 – Antonio Luna, Filipino general (b. 1866).
• 1916 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Irish-born British field marshal and politician, Secretary of State for War (b. 1850).
• 1930 – Eric Lemming, Swedish athlete (b. 1880).
• 1998 – Sam Yorty, American soldier and politician, 37th Mayor of Los Angeles (b. 1909).
• 2003 – Jürgen Möllemann, German soldier and politician, 10th Vice-Chancellor of Germany (b. 1945).
• 2014 – Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi, Iraqi commander (b. 1971).