Events

• 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
• 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: French forces led by Gaston de Foix win the Battle of Ravenna.
• 1544 – Italian War of 1542-1546: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory.
• 1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain.
• 1713 – War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War): Treaty of Utrecht.
• 1809 – An incomplete British victory over the French fleet at the Battle of the Basque Roads results in the court-martial of James, Lord Gambier.
• 1814 – The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.
• 1856 – Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaría burns down the hostel where William Walker’s filibusters are holed up.
• 1868 – Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
• 1908 – SMS Blücher, the last armoured cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, is launched.
• 1921 – Emir Abdullah establishes the first centralised government in the newly created British protectorate of Transjordan.
• 1945 – World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.[3]
• 1951 – Korean War: President Harry Truman relieves General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea.
• 1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey.
  • It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
• 1957 – United Kingdom agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
• 1961 – The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
• 1964 – Brazilian Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco is elected President by the National Congress.
• 1979 – Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.
• 1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, seize what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
• 2001 – The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.
• 2006 – Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces Iran’s claim to have successfully enriched uranium.
• 2018 – An Ilyushin Il-76 which was owned and operated by the Algerian Air Force crashes near Boufarik, Algeria, killing 257.
• Juan Santamaría Day, anniversary of his death in the Second Battle of Rivas (Costa Rica).

People (Births)

• 1871 – Gyula Kellner, Hungarian runner (d. 1940).
• 1873 – Edward Lawson, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1955).
• 1910 – António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1996).
• 1917 – David Westheimer, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2005).
• 1918 – Richard Wainwright, English soldier and politician (d. 2003).
• 1920 – William Royer, American soldier and politician (d. 2013).
• 1922 – Arved Viirlaid, Estonian-Canadian soldier and author (d. 2015).
• 1925 – Yuriy Lituyev, Russian hurdler and commander (d. 2000).
• 1926 – David Manker Abshire, American commander and diplomat, United States Permanent Representative to NATO (d. 2014).
• 1942 – Anatoly Berezovoy, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2014).
• 1954 – Aleksandr Averin, Azerbaijani cyclist and coach.
• 1958 – Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Russian sprinter.
• 1961 – Nobuaki Kakuda, Japanese martial artist.
• 1977 – Ivonne Teichmann, German runner.
• 1989 – Torrin Lawrence, American sprinter (d. 2014).

People (Deaths)

• 1512 – Gaston de Foix, French military commander (b. 1489).
• 1554 – Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel leader (b. 1521).
• 1856 – Juan Santamaría, Costa Rican soldier (b. 1831).
• 1873 – Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817).
• 1902 – Wade Hampton III, American general and politician, 77th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1818).
• 1906 – Francis Pharcellus Church, American journalist and publisher, co-founded Armed Forces Journal and The Galaxy Magazine (b. 1839).
• 1962 – George Poage, American hurdler and educator (b. 1880).
• 1967 – Thomas Farrell, American general (b. 1891).
• 2007 – Ronald Speirs, Scottish-American colonel (b. 1920).
• 2008 – Merlin German, American sergeant (b. 1985).
• 2012 – Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian soldier and politician, 1st President of Algeria (b. 1916).
• 2015 – Hanut Singh, Indian general (b. 1933).