Events

• 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
• 1720 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm.
• 1793 – After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
• 1893 – The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
• 1919 – A revolutionary Irish parliament is founded and declares the independence of the Irish Republic. One of the first engagements of the Irish War of Independence takes place.
• 1925 – Albania declares itself a republic.
• 1941 – Sparked by the murder of a German officer in Bucharest, Romania the day before, members of the Iron Guard engaged in a rebellion and pogrom killing 125 Jews.
• 1954 – The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, the First Lady of the United States.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicised and controversial battles of the war begins.
• 1968 – A B-52 bomber crashes near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.
• 2000 – Ecuador: After the Ecuadorian Congress is seized by indigenous organizations, Colonel Lucio Gutiérrez, Carlos Solorzano and Antonio Vargas depose President Jamil Mahuad. Gutierrez is later replaced by General Carlos Mendoza, who resigns and allows Vice-President Gustavo Noboa to succeed Mahuad.
• 2009 – Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip, officially ending a three-week war it had with Hamas.
  • However, intermittent fire by both sides continues in the weeks to follow.

People (Births)

• 1598 – Matsudaira Tadamasa, Japanese samurai and daimyō (d. 1645).
• 1717 – Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish military officer and governor of Cuba (d. 1779).
• 1721 – James Murray, Scottish-English general and politician, Governor of Minorca (d. 1794).
• 1763 – Augustin Robespierre, younger brother of French Revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (d. 1794).
• 1788 – William Henry Smyth, Royal Navy officer, hydrographer, astronomer and numismatist.
• 1810 – Pierre Louis Charles de Failly, French general (d. 1892).
• 1813 – John C. Frémont, American general, explorer, and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (d. 1890).
• 1824 – Stonewall Jackson, American general (d. 1863).
• 1848 – Henri Duparc, French soldier and composer (d. 1933).
• 1867 – Maxime Weygand, Belgian-French general (d. 1965).
• 1881 – Ernst Fast, Swedish runner (d. 1959).
• 1882 – Francis Gailey, Australian-American swimmer (d. 1972).
• 1885 – Harold A. Wilson, English runner (d. 1932).
• 1891 – Albert Battel, German Army lieutenant and lawyer (d. 1952).
• 1891 – Francisco Lázaro, Portuguese marathon runner (d. 1912).
• 1896 – Guy Gilpatric, American pilot and journalist (d. 1950).
• 1910 – Rosa Kellner, German athlete (d. 1984).
• 1915 – Orazio Mariani, Italian sprinter (d. 1981).
• 1918 – Richard Winters, American soldier (d. 2011).
• 1919 – Eric Brown, Scottish-English captain and pilot (d. 2016).
• 1928 – Reynaldo Bignone, Argentinian general and politician, 41st President of Argentina (d. 2018).
• 1934 – Antonio Karmany, Spanish cyclist.
• 1939 – Paul Genevay, French sprinter.
• 1961 – Piotr Ugrumov, Russian cyclist.
• 1973 – Rob Hayles, English cyclist.
• 1974 – Marco Zanotti, Italian cyclist.
• 1976 – Raivis Belohvoščiks, Latvian cyclist.
• 1977 – Denis Lunghi, Italian cyclist.
• 1977 – Ulrike Maisch, German runner.
• 1978 – Faris Al-Sultan, German triathlete.
• 1980 – Karsten Forsterling, Australian rower.
• 1983 – Francesca Segat, Italian swimmer.
• 1985 – Salvatore Giunta, American sergeant, Medal of Honour recipient.
• 1986 – João Gomes Júnior, Brazilian swimmer.
• 1987 – Shaun Keeling, South African rower.
• 1987 – Augustine Kiprono Choge, Kenyan runner.
• 1987 – Dominik Roels, German cyclist.
• 1988 – Pieter Timmers, Belgian swimmer.
• 1989 – Matteo Pelucchi, Italian cyclist.
• 1991 – Jan Hirt, Czech cyclist.
• 1992 – Sven Erik Bystrøm, Norwegian cyclist.

People (Deaths)

• 918 – Liu Zhijun, Chinese general.
• 1546 – Azai Sukemasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1491).
• 1775 – Yemelyan Pugachev, Russian rebel (b. 1742).
• 1891 – Calixa Lavallée, Canadian-American lieutenant and composer (b. 1842).
• 1919 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 277th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1839).
• 1928 – George Washington Goethals, American general and engineer (b. 1858).
• 1945 – Rash Behari Bose, Indian soldier and engineer (b. 1886).
• 1955 – Archie Hahn, German-American runner and coach (b. 1880).
• 1965 – Gwynne Evans, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1880).
• 1987 – Charles Goodell, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1926).