Events

• 820 – Emperor Leo V is assassinated in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople and is succeeded by Michael II.
• 1144 – The capital of the crusader County of Edessa falls to Imad ad-Din Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo.
• 1500 – A joint Venetian–Spanish fleet captures the Castle of St. George on the island of Cephalonia.
• 1737 – The Marathas defeat the combined forces of the Mughal Empire, Rajputs of Jaipur, Nizam of Hyderabad, Nawab of Awadh and Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Bhopal.
• 1777 – Kiritimati, also called Christmas Island, is discovered by James Cook.
• 1800 – The Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise fails to kill Napoleon Bonaparte.
• 1814 – Representatives of the United Kingdom and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812.
• 1826 – The Eggnog Riot at the United States Military Academy begins that night, wrapping up the following morning.
• 1846 – British acquired Labuan from the Sultanate of Brunei for Great Britain.
• 1868 – The Greek Presidential Guard is established as the royal escort by King George I.
• 1906 – Radio: Reginald Fessenden transmits the first radio broadcast; consisting of a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech.
• 1914 – World War I: The “Christmas truce” begins.
• 1920 – Gabriele D’Annunzio surrendered the Italian Regency of Carnaro in the city of Fiume to Italian armed forces.
• 1924 – Albania becomes a republic.
• 1929 – Assassination attempt on Argentine President Hipólito Yrigoyen.
• 1939 – World War II: Pope Pius XII makes a Christmas Eve appeal for peace.
• 1941 – World War II: Kuching is conquered by Japanese forces.
• 1941 – World War II: Benghazi is conquered by the British Eighth Army.
• 1942 – World War II: French monarchist, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, assassinates Vichy French Admiral François Darlan in Algiers, Algeria.
• 1943 – World War II: US General Dwight D. Eisenhower is named Supreme Allied Commander for the Invasion of Normandy.
• 1951 – Libya becomes independent.
  • Idris I is proclaimed King of Libya.
• 1952 – First flight of Britain’s Handley Page Victor strategic bomber.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: Viet Cong operatives bomb the Brinks Hotel in Saigon, South Vietnam to demonstrate they can strike an American installation in the heavily guarded capital.
• 1966 – A Canadair CL-44 chartered by the United States military crashes into a small village in South Vietnam, killing 129.
• 1969 – Nigerian troops capture Umuahia, the Biafran capital.
• 1980 – Witnesses report the first of several sightings of unexplained lights near RAF Woodbridge, in Rendlesham Forest, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom, an incident called “Britain’s Roswell”.
• 1999 – Indian Airlines Flight 814 is hijacked in Indian airspace between Kathmandu, Nepal, and Delhi, India.
  • The aircraft landed at Kandahar in Afghanistan. The incident ended on December 31 with the release of 190 survivors (one passenger is killed).
• 2005 – Chad–Sudan relations: Chad declares a state of war against Sudan following a December 18 attack on Adré, which left about 100 people dead.
• 2008 – The Lord’s Resistance Army, a Ugandan rebel group, begins a series of attacks against civilians in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, massacring more than 400.
• Independence Day (Libya).
• Day of Military Honour – Siege of Ismail (Russia).

People (Births)

• 3 BC – Galba, Roman emperor (d. 69).
• 1809 – Kit Carson, American general (d. 1868).
• 1875 – Émile Wegelin, French rower (d. 1962).
• 1894 – Georges Guynemer, French captain and pilot (d. 1917).
• 1897 – Väinö Sipilä, Finnish runner (d. 1987).
• 1910 – Ellen Braumüller, German javelin thrower and triathlete (d. 1991).
• 1920 – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Ukrainian-Russian lieutenant and navigator (d. 1944).
• 1923 – George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004).
• 1924 – Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Somalian soldier and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Somalia (d. 2014).
• 1930 – John J. Kelley, American runner (d. 2011).
• 1938 – Valentim Loureiro, Portuguese soldier and politician.
• 1946 – Jeff Sessions, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 44th Attorney General of Alabama and 84th Attorney General of the United States.
• 1954 – Yves Debay, Congolese-French commander and journalist (d. 2013).
• 1968 – Marleen Renders, Belgian runner.
• 1973 – Liu Dong, Chinese-Spanish runner.
• 1976 – Linda Ferga, French hurdler.

People (Deaths)

• 950 – Shi Hongzhao, Chinese general.
• 1867 – José Mariano Salas, Mexican general and politician. President of Mexico (1846, 1859) and regent of the Second Mexican Empire(b. 1797).
• 1920 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1832).
• 1926 – Wesley Coe, American shot putter, hammer thrower, and discus thrower (b. 1879).
• 1931 – Flying Hawk, American warrior, educator and historian (b. 1854).
• 1942 – François Darlan, French admiral and politician, 122nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1881).
• 1969 – Olivia FitzRoy, English soldier and author (b. 1921).
• 1980 – Karl Dönitz, German admiral and politician, President of Germany (b. 1891).
• 1999 – Bill Bowerman, American runner, coach, and businessman, co-founded Nike, Inc. (b. 1911).
• 1999 – Maurice Couve de Murville, French soldier and politician, 152nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1907).
• 1999 – João Figueiredo, Brazilian general and politician, 30th President of Brazil (b. 1918).
• 2012 – Charles Durning, American soldier and actor (b. 1923).