Events

• 921 – Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or ‘pact of friendship’ (amicitia), to recognize their borders along the Rhine.
• 1426 – Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi.
• 1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.
  • It publishes details of promotions and awards, etc, in the UK Armed Forces.
• 1811 – Tecumseh’s War: The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
• 1881 – Mapuche rebels attack the Chilean settlement of Nueva Imperial, as defenders fled to the hills and the settlement was effectively destroyed.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.
• 1907 – Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de García by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometres (3.7 miles) away before it can explode.
• 1910 – The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.
• 1914 – The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces.
• 1917 – The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October.
  • On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace.
• 1917 – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1918 – The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.
• 1918 – Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
• 1919 – The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution.
  • Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 US cities.
• 1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution.
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Madrid Defence Council is formed to coordinate the Defence of Madrid against nationalist forces.
• 1941 – World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals.
  • It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking.
• 1944 – Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.
• 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States.
• 1954 – In the US, Armistice Day becomes Veterans Day.
• 1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt.
• 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: János Kádár returns to Budapest in a Soviet armoured convoy, officially taking office as the next Hungarian leader.
  • By this point, most armed resistance has been defeated.
• 1957 – Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters.
• 1973 – The United States Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon’s veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.
• 1975 – In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Colonel Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Major General Ziaur Rahman.
• 2000 – The US Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country’s largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas.
• 2004 – Iraq War: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day “state of emergency” as US forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
• 2017 – Shamshad TV is attacked by armed gunmen and suicide bombers.
  • A security guard was killed and 20 people were wounded.
  • ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.
• National Day, after Treaty of the Pyrenees. (Northern Catalonia, France).
• National Revolution and Solidarity Day (Bangladesh).
• October Revolution Day (the Soviet Union (former, official), modern Belarus, Kyrgyzstan).

People (Births)

• 1728 – James Cook, English captain, navigator, and cartographer (d. 1779).
• 1860 – Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne, French general and engineer (d. 1936).
• 1879 – Leon Trotsky, Russian theorist and politician, founded the Red Army (d. 1940).
• 1891 – Genrikh Yagoda, director of the NKVD (d. 1938).
• 1900 – Nellie Campobello, Mexican writer who chronicled the Mexican Revolution (d. 1986).
• 1914 – R.A. Lafferty, American soldier, engineer, and author (d. 2002).
• 1918 – Paul Aussaresses, French general (d. 2013).
• 1921 – Jack Fleck, American soldier and golfer (d. 2014).
• 1921 – Susanne Hirzel, member of the White Rose (non-violent, intellectual resistance group in the Third Reich) (d. 2012).
• 1930 – Rudy Boschwitz, German-American soldier and politician.
• 1943 – Boris Gromov, Russian general and politician, Governor of Moscow Oblast.
• 1952 – David Petraeus, American general, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
• 1964 – Philip Hollobone, English soldier and politician.
• 1980 – Gervasio Deferr, Spanish gymnast.

People (Deaths)

• 927 – Zhu Shouyin, general of Later Tang.
• 1944 – Hannah Szenes, Hungarian-Israeli soldier and poet (b. 1921).
• 1992 – Alexander Dubček, Slovak soldier and politician (b. 1921).
• 2000 – Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian publisher and politician, Indian Minister of Defence (b. 1910).
• 2012 – Sandy Pearson, Australian general (b. 1918).
• 2014 – Lincoln D. Faurer, American general (b. 1928).
• 2015 – Ri Ul-sol, North Korean marshal and politician (b. 1921).