Events

• AD 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
• 324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine’s sole control over the Roman Empire.
• 1048 – Battle of Kapetron between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a Seljuq army.
• 1066 – Norwegian king Harald Hardrada lands with Tostig Godwinson at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.
• 1454 – Thirteen Years’ War: In the Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the Teutonic knights.
• 1739 – The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1759 – French and Indian War: The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec are signed.
• 1793 – The first cornerstone of the United States Capitol is laid by George Washington.
• 1810 – First Government Junta in Chile.
  • Though supposed to rule only during the Peninsular War in Spain, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
• 1812 – The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city.
  • Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
• 1864 – American Civil War: John Bell Hood begins the Franklin–Nashville Campaign in an unsuccessful attempt to draw William Tecumseh Sherman back out of Georgia.
• 1879 – The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
• 1898 – The Fashoda Incident triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.
• 1914 – The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
• 1922 – The Kingdom of Hungary is admitted to the League of Nations.
• 1931 – The Mukden Incident gives Japan a pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
• 1934 – The Soviet Union is admitted to the League of Nations.
• 1939 – World War II: The Polish government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
• 1939 – World War II: The radio show Germany Calling begins transmitting Nazi propaganda.
• 1940 – World War II: The British liner SS City of Benares is sunk by German submarine U-48; those killed include 77 child refugees.
• 1943 – World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.
• 1944 – World War II: The British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Jun’yō Maru, killing 5,600, mostly slave labourers and POWs.
• 1944 – World War II:Battle of Arracourt begins.
• 1945 – General Douglas MacArthur moves his general headquarters from Manila to Tokyo.
• 1947 – The National Security Act reorganises the US government’s military and intelligence services.
• 1948 – Operation Polo is terminated after the Indian Army accepts the surrender of the army of Hyderabad.
• 1961 – UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in an air crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1982 – The Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon comes to an end.
• 1997 – The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention is adopted.
• 2015 – Two security personnel, 17 worshippers in a mosque, and 13 militants are killed during a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan attack on a Pakistan Air Force base on the outskirts of Peshawar.
• 2016 – The 2016 Uri attack in Jammu and Kashmir, India by terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed results in the deaths of nineteen Indian Army soldiers and all four attackers.
• Navy Day (Croatia).

People (Births)

• 1091 – Andronikos Komnenos, Byzantine prince and general (d. 1130/31).
• 1606 – Zhang Xianzhong, Chinese rebel leader (d. 1647).
• 1878 – James O. Richardson, American admiral (d. 1974).
• 1889 – Leslie Morshead, Australian general, businessman, and educator (d. 1959).
• 1893 – William March, American soldier and author (d. 1954).
• 1904 – Jose de Rivera, American soldier and sculptor (d. 1985).
• 1933 – Bob Bennett, American soldier and politician (d. 2016).
• 1944 – Charles L. Veach, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1995).

People (Deaths)

• 411 – Constantine III, Roman usurper.
• 893 – Zhang Xiong, Chinese warlord.
• 1598 – Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese daimyō (b. 1536).
• 1944 – Robert G. Cole, American colonel, Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1915).
• 1987 – Américo Tomás, Portuguese admiral and politician, 14th President of Portugal (b. 1894).
• 2015 – Mario Benjamín Menéndez, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1930).