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What was the Siege of Kiev (1240)?

Introduction The Siege of Kiev by the Mongols took place between 28 November and 06 December 1240, and resulted in a Mongol victory. It was a heavy morale and military blow to Halych-Volhynia and allowed Batu Khan to proceed westward into Europe. Background Batu Khan and the Mongols began their invasion in late 1237 by… Read More

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What was the Batu Raid of Ruthenia (1240)?

Introduction In 1240, Batu Khan led a raid into Ruthenia as part of the Mongol invasion of Rus’. It took place three years after Batu’s 1237 conquests of Volga Bulgaria and the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. Background According to the Hypatian Codex, at the end of 1238 Batu Khan retreated to the Cuman land (presumably the… Read More

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What was the Mongol Invasion of Rus’ (1237-1242)?

Introduction The Mongol conquest of Kievan Rus’ was part of the Mongol invasion of Europe, in which the Mongol Empire invaded and conquered Kievan Rus’ and other Russian principalities in the 13th century AD, destroying numerous cities, including Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev. The campaign was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River… Read More