What was the Harrying of the North (1069-1070)?

Introduction The Harrying of the North refers to a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069-1070 to subjugate northern England, where the presence of the last Wessex claimant, Edgar Atheling, had encouraged Anglo-Danish rebellions. William paid the Danes to go home, but the remaining rebels refused to meet him… Read More

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What was the Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066)?

Introduction The Battle of Stamford Bridge (Old English: Gefeoht æt Stanfordbrycge) took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England on 25 September 1066, between an English army under King Harold Godwinson and an invading Norwegian force led by King Harald Hardrada and the English king’s brother Tostig Godwinson. After… Read More

What was the Battle of Fulford (1066)?

Introduction The Battle of Fulford was fought on the outskirts of the village of Fulford near York in England, on 20 September 1066, when King Harald III of Norway, also known as Harald Hardrada (“harðráði” in Old Norse, meaning “hard ruler”), and Tostig Godwinson, his English ally, fought and defeated the Northern Earls Edwin and… Read More

What was the Battle of Hastings (1066)?

Introduction The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle,… Read More

What was the Norman Conquest of England?

Introduction The Norman conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers, all led by the Duke of Normandy later styled William the Conqueror. Background William’s claim to the English throne derived from… Read More