Events

• 963 – Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
  • Pope John XII is deposed on charges of an armed rebellion against Otto.
• 1792 – Battle of Jemappes in the French Revolutionary Wars.
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The republican government flees from Madrid to Valencia, leading to the formation of the Madrid Defence Council in its stead.
• 1943 – The 1st Ukrainian Front liberates Kyiv from German occupation.
• 1971 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission tests the largest US underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians.
• 1985 – In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the 19th of April Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá.
• 1986 – Sumburgh disaster: A British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashes 21⁄2 miles east of Sumburgh Airport killing 45 people.
  • It is the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record.
• International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict.

People (Births)

• 1861 – James Naismith, Canadian-American physician and educator, invented basketball (d. 1939).
• 1880 – Yoshisuke Aikawa, Japanese businessman and politician, founded Nissan Motor Company (d. 1967).
• 1885 – Martin O’Meara, Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1935).
• 1962 – Nadezhda Kuzhelnaya, Russian pilot and former cosmonaut.

People (Deaths)

• 1918 – Alan Arnett McLeod, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1899).
• 2005 – Anthony Sawoniuk, Belarusian SS officer (b. 1921).
• 2010 – Robert Lipshutz, American soldier and lawyer, 17th White House Counsel (b. 1921).
• 2014 – Tommy Macpherson, Scottish soldier and businessman (b. 1920).
  • Affectionately known as the ‘Kilted Killer‘ by the Germans.
• 2017 – Richard F. Gordon Jr., American naval officer, aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut (b. 1929).