Events

• 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empire to recover central Anatolia from the Seljuk Turks.
• 1462 – Thirteen Years’ War: A Polish army under Piotr Dunin decisively defeats the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Świecino.
• 1577 – The Treaty of Bergerac is signed between King Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
• 1620 – Polish–Ottoman War: The Ottoman Empire defeats the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Battle of Cecora.
• 1630 – The city of Boston, Massachusetts is founded.
• 1631 – Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years’ War.
• 1658 – The Battle of Vilanova is fought between Portugal and Spain during the Portuguese Restoration War.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Invasion of Canada begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean.
• 1778 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe.
• 1793 – War of the Pyrenees: France defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.
• 1794 – French Revolutionary Wars: Flanders Campaign: France completes its conquest of the Austrian Netherlands at the Battle of Sprimont.
• 1809 – Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War; the territory that will become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
• 1859 – Joshua A. Norton declares himself “Norton I, Emperor of the United States.”
• 1861 – Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
• 1862 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan halts the northward drive of Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army in the single-day Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American military history.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war.
• 1894 – Battle of the Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.
• 1900 – Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham Jr. at Mabitac.
• 1901 – Second Boer War: A Boer column defeats a British force at the Battle of Blood River Poort.
• 1901 – Second Boer War: Boers capture a squadron of the 17th Lancers at the Battle of Elands River.
• 1914 – World War I: The Race to the Sea begins.
• 1916 – World War I: Manfred von Richthofen (“The Red Baron”), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
• 1924 – The Border Protection Corps is established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.
• 1930 – The Kurdish Ararat rebellion is suppressed by the Turks.
• 1932 – A speech by Laureano Gómez leads to the escalation of the Leticia Incident.
• 1939 – World War II: The Soviet invasion of Poland begins.
• 1939 – World War II: German submarine U-29 sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous.
• 1940 – World War II: Due to setbacks in the Battle of Britain and approaching autumn weather, Hitler postpones Operation Sea Lion.
• 1941 – World War II: A decree of the Soviet State Committee of Defence restores compulsory military training.
• 1941 – World War II: Soviet forces enter Tehran during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.
• 1944 – World War II: Allied airborne troops parachute into the Netherlands as the “Market” half of Operation Market Garden.
• 1944 – World War II: Soviet troops launch the Tallinn Offensive against Germany and pro-independence Estonian units.
• 1944 – World War II: German forces are attacked by the Allies in the Battle of San Marino.
• 1948 – The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his sovereignty over the Hyderabad State and joins the Indian Union.
• 1965 – The Battle of Chawinda is fought between Pakistan and India.
• 1978 – The Camp David Accords are signed by Israel and Egypt.
• 2018 – A Russian reconnaissance aircraft carrying 15 people on board is brought down by a Syrian surface-to-air missile over the Mediterranean Sea.
• Marathwada Liberation Day (Maharashtra).
• Operation Market Garden Anniversary is still remembered with parachuting and dedications on this day (Netherlands).

People (Births)

• 1730 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian-American general (d. 1794).
• 1773 – Jonathan Alder, American captain and farmer (d. 1849).
• 1783 – Nadezhda Durova, Russian soldier (d. 1866).
• 1819 – Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, South African general and politician, 1st President of the South African Republic (d. 1901).
• 1820 – Earl Van Dorn, Confederate general (d. 1863).
• 1853 – Frederick Corbett, British soldier and Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1912).
• 1864 – James Tancred, English admiral (d. 1943).
• 1868 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (d. 1956).
• 1881 – Alfred Carpenter, English admiral, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1955).
• 1886 – Anton Irv, Estonian captain (d. 1919).
• 1914 – William Grut, Swedish pentathlete (d. 2012).
• 1918 – Chaim Herzog, Irish-born Israeli general and politician, 6th President of Israel (d. 1997).
• 1929 – David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley, Northern Irish air marshal and politician.
• 1930 – Edgar Mitchell, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2016).
• 1930 – Thomas P. Stafford, American general, pilot, and astronaut.
• 1932 – Samuel Ogbemudia, Nigerian army officer and politician (d. 2017).
• 1953 – Altaf Hussain, Pakistani-English soldier and politician.
• 1981 – Francis Manioru, Solomon sprinter.
• 1984 – Mary DeScenza, American swimmer.

People (Deaths)

• 456 – Remistus, Roman general.
• 1563 – Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, English soldier (b. 1526).
• 1574 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Spanish admiral and explorer, founded St. Augustine, Florida (b. 1519).
• 1679 – John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general and politician, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (b. 1629).
• 1817 – Jacques Bernard d’Anselme, French general (b. 1740).
• 1862 – Lawrence O’Bryan Branch, American politician and Confederate general (b. 1820).
• 1862 – William E. Starke, Confederate general (b. 1814).
• 1868 – Roman Nose, Native American warrior (b. circa 1823).
• 1894 – Deng Shichang, Chinese captain (b. 1849).
• 1908 – Thomas Selfridge, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1882).
• 1943 – Friedrich Zickwolff, German general (b. 1893).
• 1948 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish soldier and diplomat (b. 1895).
• 1953 – David Munson, American runner (b. 1884).
• 1953 – Hans Feige, German general (Wehrmacht) (b. 1880).
• 1971 – Carlos Lamarca, Brazilian captain (b. 1937).
• 1980 – Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicaraguan commander and politician, 73rd President of Nicaragua (b. 1925).
• 1995 – Lucien Victor, Belgian cyclist (b. 1931).
• 1996 – Spiro Agnew, American soldier and politician, 39th Vice President of the United States (b. 1918).
• 2012 – Lou Kenton, English soldier and potter (b. 1908).
• 2012 – Russell E. Train, American soldier and civil servant (b. 1920).
• 2014 – Charles Read, Australian air marshal (b. 1918).
• 2016 – Bahman Golbarnezhad, Iranian racing cyclist (b. 1968).
• 2020 – Robert W. Gore, American engineer and businessman, co-inventor of Gore-Tex (b. 1937).