Events

• 1539 – Spain annexes Cuba.
• 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in India between the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marathas.
• 1784 – American Revolutionary War: Ratification Day, United States – Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain.
• 1814 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes the Kingdom of Norway to Charles XIII of Sweden in return for Pomerania.
• 1822 – Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrios Ypsilantis.
• 1858 – Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt made by Felice Orsini and his accomplices in Paris.
• 1943 – World War II: Japan begins Operation Ke, the successful operation to evacuate its forces from Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel by airplane while in office when he flies from Miami to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill.
• 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.
• 1950 – The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.
• 1967 – The New York Times reports that the U.S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments.
• 1969 – USS Enterprise fire: An accidental explosion aboard the USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 28 people.
• 2000 – A United Nations tribunal sentences five Roman Catholic Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years in prison for the 1993 killing of more than 100 Bosnian Muslims.
• 2010 – Yemen declares an open war against the terrorist group al-Qaeda.
• Defender of the Motherland Day (Uzbekistan).
• Ratification Day (United States): This act officially ended the American Revolutionary War.

People (Births)

• 83 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (d. 30 BCE).
• 1741 – Benedict Arnold, American-British general (d. 1801).
• 1792 – Christian de Meza, Danish general (d. 1865).
• 1806 – Charles Hotham, English-Australian soldier and politician, 1st Governor of Victoria (d. 1855).
• 1850 – Pierre Loti, French captain and author (d. 1923).
• 1863 – Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, Portuguese general and politician, 10th President of Portugal (d. 1929).
• 1894 – Ecaterina Teodoroiu, Romanian soldier and nurse (d. 1917).
• 1897 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German general and politician (d. 1978).
• 1899 – Carlos P. Romulo, Filipino soldier and politician, President of the United Nations General Assembly (d. 1985).
• 1914 – Harold Russell, Canadian-American soldier and actor (d. 2002).
• 1919 – Andy Rooney, American soldier, journalist, critic, and television personality (d. 2011).

People (Deaths)

• 1701 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyō (b. 1628).
• 1776 – Edward Cornwallis, English general and politician, Governor of Gibraltar (b. 1713).
• 1907 – Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet, Scottish soldier and politician, 6th Governor of New Zealand (b. 1832).
• 1970 – Asım Gündüz, Turkish general (b. 1880).
• 1977 – Anthony Eden, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897).
• 1981 – G. Lloyd Spencer, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1893).
• 1997 – Dollard Ménard, Canadian general (b. 1913).
• 2015 – Zhang Wannian, Chinese general (b. 1928).